单词与短语

Other

February 27, 2023

A

a grinding halt

陷入停顿

Memory-hogging programs can deplete the system’s memory, bringing the whole system to a grinding halt.

Articulation

` /ɑːrˌtɪk.jəˈleɪ.ʃən/`

衔接、链接

If the top point does not connect to a point lower than the second point on the stack, then this second point is an articulati on point of the graph.

B

Bimodal

Bi-Modal

双峰

The distribution is bimodal, with the dark line at the bottom showing that many disk I/O completed with sub-millisecond latency: cache hits.

C

Cardinality

US ` /ˈkɑːr.dɪnˈæl.ə.t̬i/`

UK /ˈkɑː.dɪnˈæl.ə.ti/

基数

The [cardinality]) of this set can be calculated with the totient function: φ(12) = 4.

Cease

/sēs/

v. 停止（某个状态或者活动）

While each wheel may generate an infinite list of numbers, past a certain point the numbers cease to be mostly prime.

Characterization

特征

The required characterization can be obtained from the following theorem.

Compel

/kəmˈpɛl/

v. 强迫

Compelling

adj. 强迫的；引人注目的

Such an algorithm would have compelling practicall advantages.

Contemporary

/kənˈtempəˌrerē/

当代的

Such devices are hard to find on contemporary computers.

Consensus

/kənˈsensəs/

noun

共识

However, it may take some time to come to a consensus on a final control solution.

Coincide

` /ˌkoʊ.ɪnˈsaɪd/`

吻合的

And the recursion ends, whenever the boundaries of the current query segment coincides with the boundaries of the segment of the current vertex.

Coefficient

/ˌkoʊ.ɪˈfɪʃ.ənt/

系数

Extended Euclidean algorithm also finds integer coefficients x and y such that: ax + by = gcd(a, b)

Criterion

/kraɪˈtɪr.i.ən/

复数形式：criteria /-ˈtɪr.i.ə /

（决策、判断的）标准

The edges are directed according to some criteria such as the direction in which they are transversed during a search.

Counter

n. 计数器，柜台

adj. 相反的

But here is a counter example: ……

Congruence

US /ˈkɑːŋ.ɡru.əns/

UK (congruency)

n. 一致性，同余

Given an integer m ≥ 1, called a modulus, two integers a and b are said to be congruent modulo m, if m is a divisor of their difference.

D

Deplete

/dəˈplēt/

verb 耗尽

Memory-hogging programs can deplete the system’s memory, bringing the whole system to a grinding halt.

Dedicate

/ˈdedəˌkāt/

v. 奉献

Dedicated

/ˈdedəˌkādəd/

adj. 专用的

This enables batch managers monitoring jobs running in dedicated cpusets to efficiently detect what level of memory pressure that job is causing.

Deem

/diːm/

v. 视为

That BPF code is compiled to BPF byte code and then sent to the kernel, where a verifier may reject it if it is deemed unsafe.

Deference

n. 尊重

The primes are indexed from 1 rather than 0 in deference to a venerable mathematical tradition.

E

Elementary

US /ˌel.əˈmen.t̬ɚ.i/

adj. 基本的，初级的

In most books on elementary number theory.

Embody

v. 包含、具现

Mairson’s insight, embodied in Theorem 1…

Emerge

/əˈmərj/

涌现

We aim to show herein that all these algorithms emerge from the common idea of a sieve by the judicious use of three simple principles.

Except where stated otherwise

除非另有说明

Exclusive

adj.

唯一地

Exposition

n. 说明

For a methodical exposition

F

Flaw

/flɔː/

n. 缺陷

We must point out that Mairson’s attempt to reduce the complexity of his multiplicative sieve by preprocessing with Eratosthenes’ sieve contains a serious flaw.

v. 使…有缺陷

The computer game was flawed by poor programming.

G

Grity

adj. 粗糙的

adj. 真实的（困难、不愉快）

This example is a little gritty, which is both good (realistic) and bad (intimidating).

adj. 勇敢、坚韧的

H

Hog

/hôɡ,häɡ/

verb

抢占

Memory-hogging programs can deplete the system’s memory, bringing the whole system to a grinding halt.

Hyposize

(UK, hyposise)

/haɪˈpɑː.θə.saɪz/

假设

Hypothesize that the issue is with that component

Herein

/(ˌhɪərˈɪn)/

adv.

此处

We aim to show herein that all these algorithms emerge from the common idea of a sieve by the judicious use of three simple principles.

I

Imminent

/ˈimənənt/

adj

迫在眉睫的

This can include the cgroup oom notifier behavior when a collection of tasks is completely out of memory, but can also warn when such a condition may be imminent.

Initiative

/iˈniSHədiv/

积极性、倡议

these new initiatives of offering better control to the user in selecting the process to be the sacrificial lamb are steps to a robust design to give more control to the user.

Instantiation

/ɪnˌstæn.ʃɪˈeɪ.ʃən/

n. 实例化

Particular instantiations of the parameters $k$ , $\Delta $ give the abstract algorithms underlying several different solutions:

Instructive

adj.

有用的

Intimidating

/ɪnˈtɪm.ɪ.deɪ.tɪŋ/

adj.

令人紧张的

This example is a little gritty, which is both good (realistic) and bad (intimidating).

Involuntary

adj.

被迫地

vs voluntary（adj. 自愿地）

vs volunteer（n. 志愿者）

Threads can leave CPU for a number of reasons, including I/O and locks, but also some that are unrelated to the current thread’s execution, including involuntary context switching due to high demand for CPU resources, and interrupts.

It’s with this in mind that

正是考虑到这一点

It is with this in mind that we present a structure for representing graphs in a computer and several algorithms for simple operations on the graph.

Investigate

/inˈvestəˌɡāt/

（正式地）调查

Let us first investigate the possibility of taking the primes in increasing order.

J

Judicous

/jo͞oˈdiSHəs/

adj.

明智的、具有良好判断的

We aim to show herein that all these algorithms emerge from the common idea of a sieve by the judicious use of three simple principles.

K

keep account of

记录

This chapter describes the structures used to keep account of memory banks, pages and the flags that affect VM behaviour.

L

Laborious

/ləˈbɔːr.i.əs/

adj.

费时的

Compared to bpftrace, bcc Python is far more verbose and laborious to code.

M

Methodical

adj. 有条不紊地、详尽地

For a methodical exposition

Metric

/ˈmetrik/

adj

noun

（系统、标准）衡量

The memory_pressure of a cpuset provides a simple per-cpuset metric of the rate that the tasks in a cpuset are attempting to free up in use memory on the nodes of the cpuset to satisfy additional memory requests.

N

O

out of curiosity

出于好奇

Out of curiosity I compiled both versions and ran objdump on the binaries, to see how many bytes were saved.

Overlook

verb

忽视

The primary reason is that they have been run passively, “fire and forget” style, with no additional analysis, and all problems were overlooked.

从上面看

P

put simply

简单说

Put simply, it costs less to balance between two smaller sched domains than one big one, but doing so means that overloads in one of the two domains won’t be load balanced to the other one.

Proper

adj

正确的

合适的

Active benchmarking helps you accurately test the true target of the benchmark, and properly understand its results

adv

令人满意地、正确地

Preclude

v. （提前）排除（exclude 是成为一部分后再排除）

Preliminary

adj.

初步的

The first such factor can be obtained by a preliminary forward search.

初步的（行动或事件）

Properly

adv

正确地

properly understand vs understand proper

Putting the matter

Another way of putting the matter.

Q

R

Radially

adv.

径向地

And lines are drawn radially outward from each marked point on $C_k$ .

Radius

` /ˈreɪ.di.əs/`

半径

桡骨（前臂的两块骨头之一，绕着另一块尺骨旋转）

rule out

排除

This approach can specify only one name at a time, ruling out the possibility of a hierarchy

Readily

adv.

容易的

This is readily seen to be given by sth.

Recapitulate

/ˌriːkəˈpɪtʃʊleɪt/

v. 总结

The following discussion recapitulates our presentation.

S

Substantial

/ˌsəbˈstan(t)SHəl/

adj

相当数量的
实质性的
This policy can provide substantial improvements for jobs that need to place thread local data on the corresponding node

Stall

/stôl/

（市场）摊位、隔间

（马厩、谷仓中动物的）隔间

verb

（引擎）停止运行

It’s intended to be simple, minimizing variation caused by cache misses, stall cycles, and branch misprediction.

停滞（取得进展）

Saturation

` /ˌsætʃ.əˈreɪ.ʃən/`

饱和度

check for the degree of saturation using the “r” column.

Silhouette

UK /ˌsɪl.uˈet/ US ` /ˌsɪl.əˈwet/`

词根：来源于法国的一位喜爱剪影的财政部长的名字，Étienne de Silhouette

剪影

T

Tame

/tām/

adj 温顺的

verb 驯服

This calls for a different design to tame the OOM killer.

Transition

过渡

In the transition from $W_k$ to $W_{k+1}$, the set of multiples deleted after rolling is $\lbrace p_{k+1}\cdot b \vert b\in W_{k+1} \rbrace$ .

转换

U

Utilize

/ˈyo͞odlˌīz/

利用

underutilize 未利用

If one CPU is underutilized, kernel code running on that CPU will look for tasks on other more overloaded CPUs and move those tasks to itself,

UnderEarth

` /ʌnˈɜːθ/`

发掘

It tours various bcc tools to analyze different targets, which may unearth activity you were previously unaware of.

V

Venerable

/venər(ə)b(ə)l/

adj.

古老的；令人尊重的

The primes are indexed from 1 rather than 0 in deference to a venerable mathematical tradition.